Research Paper on Censorship Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

On Censorship - Research Paper Example Censorship has been used throughout the history not only in communist countries but in democratic countries as well. From the beginning of civilization, censorship has been used by groups as well as individuals to prevent and control dangerous creations, information and ideas which are pernicious for the society. Throughout history it has taken different courses and occurred for various reasons. The main causes of censorship are religion, politics and sex related issues. Censorship are usually done in several areas such print media (newspaper), radio and television for religious purposes and offensive texts and objectionable speeches or behavior. Censorship should be done to benefit the society as a whole, as it is essential to protect the society from internal threat, to maintain peace and order. Censorship is needed and can be justified as censorship is pivotal to maintain social stability, racial harmony and to protect the mass from dangerous influences which can hamper the social growth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many people who are against censorship argues that censorship should not be done as the banning of ideas, thoughts and information in any stream  is unconstitutional, for the first amendment guarantees freedom of speech and the press. The Amendment 1 dictates that: â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people to peaceably assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievance† (Bill of Rights: Amendment I 1). The constitution did provide us with the freedom of speech and press, but it is not right to take this freedom and say anything we want anywhere, at anytime. Freedom should be used but in no way should it be misused. For example if a person hates another race and writes a book about abolishing that race, that person is clearly misusing his / her rights and at the same time dis rupting the harmony of the society. History has shown us time and again that man is an animal if not regulated by rules and regulations. If censorship is not done, the society, as we know, will be chaotic. Freedom should not be taken for granted and should not be misused. Censorship keeps freedom in control to maintain the social order.   It should be kept in mind that too much information can be and often is a dangerous thing. Having said that, it is true, there are some facts that are not suitable for the entire public. Censorship makes sure that dangerous ideas, ideologies, philosophies and outlook does not disrupt the citizens of the state.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In today’s world, media plays a crucial role in influencing both good and bad behavior and ideas. One cannot argue the fact that it depends on the individual choices and what he / she feels like watching. But, the reality is that when one watches a television show, it stagnates into the memory. This often res ults in young people ending up absorbing information far more than they needed for their age group and this has a negative impact on them. Youth’s mind should not be tampered with negative thought or ideas as they are easily influenced by what they see and hear around them. If there is no censorship to check what the youth are watching, this can have a dangerous impact. There is no harm in filtering what

Montaigne Response Essay Example for Free

Montaigne Response Essay It is no secret Europeans have conquered not only new lands, but their neighbors on the Continent too, by lying and deceit since the days of Ancient Rome. Montaigne remarked on how â€Å"better bred sort of men†, i.e. the Europeans, are more curious and discover more than their uncivilized counterparts in the New World. Because of their â€Å"superior† breeding, this essentially allowed them to lie and explain things in order to positively affect them. Montaigne remarked on how when meeting a â€Å"plain ignorant fellow† of the New World, he appeared more likely to tell the truth, solely because he was uncivilized in the eyes of the Europeans. As he puts it, the Europeans cannot help but alter the story, never representing things how they are, but how they appeared to them. To contrast this, the Cannibal is just a simple, ignorant fellow, who tells things exactly as they are without distorting any facts or evidence. He is not capable of changing the story to suit his needs. That concept particularly stood out to me because it made me realize that the smarter, more educated, and arguably more civilized someone is, the better they are with words and the more likely they are to alter a story for personal gain. The primitive peoples of the New World were not capable of the high level deception and treachery the Europeans were. That is not to say that they were not capable of being just as cruel to their fellow man as the Europeans were, but as Montaigne puts it, lying, treachery, dissimulation, avarice, envy, detraction, pardon; they were unfamiliar concepts to the Cannibals. One question that transcends time is why some nations or peoples were able to conquer and subject others. There are many theories and arguments to answer this but I am going to make the case that it is because some can deceive and others cannot. For example, white fur traders in the early 1800s were able to get Native Americans addicted to whiskey, often diluted, and â€Å"flavored† with tobacco juice. Still, it had its desired effect and it left many tribes clamoring for more. Once the Native Americans inherent weakness for whiskey was known, fur traders and land speculators used the firewater to obtain Indian lands and furs. What is the theme of this glimpse from the past? The same words Michel de Montaigne used to describe what his Europeans colleagues were capable of; lying, treachery, dissimulation, avarice, envy, detraction and pardon. It seems to be a common theme when one people are taking over another. The concept of European superiority in the 16th century was no doubt reinforced by the magnificent art and culture that was blossoming during the Renaissance. Besides the Orient, the world was unknown, undiscovered and above all, not Christian. The Popes of the time were all too happy to commission expeditions to baptize the New World. The themes of avarice, treachery and cruelty are not exclusive to Europe, however the Europeans were able to export it on a global scale. These themes exist all over the world in every country, they are human traits, but it was the Europeans who left the Continent to conquer and kill, for God, Gold, and Glory. Cunning though they may have been, Montaigne hit the nail on the head when he remarked on European’s ability to distort the facts and to deceive the â€Å"lesser† peoples of the New World.

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Cosmological Argument for the Exist

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Cosmological Argument for the Existence of God The cosmological argument seeks to prove the existence of God by looking at the universe. It is an A posteriori proof based on experience and the observation of the world not logic so the outcome is probable or possible not definite. The argument is in three forms; motion, causation and being. These are also the first three ways in the five ways presented by Aquinas through which he believed the existence of God could be shown. Aquinas regarded Aristotle as the principal philosopher so many of these concepts originate in the thinking of Aristotle. One example of the cosmological argument is the argument of causation. Everything has a cause. Everything itself has a cause. But, you cannot have an infinite number of causes. Therefore there must have been an uncaused causer, which causes everything to happen without itself being caused by anything else. Such an uncaused cause is what people understand by 'God'. This idea was revisited by William Lane Craig who developed the Kalam cosmological argument. He reinforced the contention that the universe must have had a creator by firstly proving that the universe if finite. He proves this by explaining that the present would not exist in an actual infinite universe, because successive additions cannot be added to an actual infinite. The present does exist, as a result of a chronological series of past events. The universe must be finite. Craig seeks to prove that the universe must have had a beginning in time and that there must have been a creator who was uncaused. The Kalam argument makes the cosmologi... ...but does not prove there was a being that started this. The beginning of the universe could be put down to coincidence followed by the evolution of life. However, it does not disprove the existence of an uncaused causer. How do we not know that God was not responsible for the big bang? In conclusion we can see that there are many reasons to believe that the universe must have had a beginning. Both from a philosophical and scientific point of view. However, this cannot be proved, we are still able to question the idea. It is also debatable as to whether or not a personal creator was involved. This is down to personal belief and faith in God. I do not personally believe that the cosmological argument is strong enough to prove the existence of God. But, it is very convincing in proving that the universe had a beginning.

Vampire Academy Chapter 18

EIGHTEEN I WOKE UP STARING AT the boring white ceiling of the clinic. A filtered light – soothing to Moroi patients – shone down on me. I felt strange, kind of disoriented, but I didn't hurt. â€Å"Rose.† The voice was like silk on my skin. Gentle. Rich. Turning my head, I met Dimitri's dark eyes. He sat in a chair beside the bed I lay on, his shoulder-length brown hair hanging forward and framing his face. â€Å"Hey,† I said, my voice coming out as a croak. â€Å"How do you feel?† â€Å"Weird. Kind of groggy.† â€Å"Dr. Olendzki gave you something for the pain – you seemed pretty bad when we brought you in.† â€Å"I don't remember that†¦How long have I been out?† â€Å"A few hours.† â€Å"Must have been strong. Must still be strong.† Some of the details came back. The bench. My ankle getting caught. I couldn't remember much after that. Feeling hot and cold and then hot again. Tentatively, I tried moving the toes on my healthy foot. â€Å"I don't hurt at all.† He shook his head. â€Å"No. Because you weren't seriously injured.† The sound of my ankle cracking came back to me. â€Å"Are you sure? I remember†¦the way it bent. No. Something must be broken.† I manage to sit up, so I could look at my ankle. â€Å"Or at least sprained.† He moved forward to stop me. â€Å"Be careful. Your ankle might be fine, but you're probably still a little out of it.† I carefully shifted to the edge of the bed and looked down. My jeans were rolled up. The ankle looked a little red, but I had no bruises or serious marks. â€Å"God, I got lucky. If I'd hurt it, it would have put me out of practice for a while.† Smiling, he returned to his chair. â€Å"I know. You kept telling me that while I was carrying you. You were very upset.† â€Å"You†¦you carried me here?† â€Å"After we broke the bench apart and freed your foot.† Man. I'd missed out on a lot. The only thing better than imagining Dimitri carrying me in his arms was imagining him shirtless while carrying me in his arms. Then the reality of the situation hit me. â€Å"I was taken down by a bench,† I groaned. â€Å"What?† â€Å"I survived the whole day guarding Lissa, and you guys said I did a good job. Then, I get back here and meet my downfall in the form of a bench.† Ugh. â€Å"Do you know how embarrassing it is? And all those guys saw, too.† â€Å"It wasn't your fault,† he said. â€Å"No one knew the bench was rotted. It looked fine.† â€Å"Still. I should have just stuck to the sidewalk like a normal person. The other novices are going to give me shit when I get back.† His lips held back a smile. â€Å"Maybe presents will cheer you up.† I sat up straighter. â€Å"Presents?† The smile escaped, and he handed me a small box with a piece of paper. â€Å"This is from Prince Victor.† Surprised that Victor would have given me anything, I read the note. It was just a few lines, hastily scrawled in pen. Rose – I'm very happy to see you didn't suffer any serious injuries from your fall. Truly, it is a miracle. You lead a charmed life, and Vasilisa is lucky to have you. â€Å"That's nice of him,† I said, opening the box. Then I saw what was inside. â€Å"Whoa. Very nice.† It was the rose necklace, the one Lissa had wanted to get me but couldn't afford. I held it up, looping its chain over my hand so the glittering, diamond-covered rose hung free. â€Å"This is pretty extreme for a get-well present,† I noted, recalling the price. â€Å"He actually bought it in honor of you doing so well on your first day as an official guardian. He saw you and Lissa looking at it.† â€Å"Wow.† It was all I could say. â€Å"I don't think I did that good of a job.† â€Å"I do.† Grinning, I placed the necklace back in the box and set it on a nearby table. â€Å"You did say ? ®presents,' right? Like more than one?† He laughed outright, and the sound wrapped around me like a caress. God, I loved the sound of his laugh. â€Å"This is from me.† He handed me a small, plain bag. Puzzled and excited, I opened it up. Lip gloss, the kind I liked. I'd complained to him a number of times how I was running out, but I'd never thought he was paying attention. â€Å"How'd you manage to buy this? I saw you the whole time at the mall.† â€Å"Guardian secrets.† â€Å"What's this for? For my first day?† â€Å"No,† he said simply. â€Å"Because I thought it would make you happy.† Without even thinking about it, I leaned forward and hugged him. â€Å"Thank you.† Judging from his stiff posture, I'd clearly caught him by surprise. And yeah†¦I'd actually caught myself by surprise, too. But he relaxed a few moments later, and when he reached around and rested his hands on my lower back, I thought I was going to die. â€Å"I'm glad you're better,† he said. His mouth sounded like it was almost in my hair, just above my ear. â€Å"When I saw you fall†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You thought, ? ®Wow, she's a loser.' â€Å" â€Å"That's not what I thought.† He pulled back slightly, so he could see me better, but we didn't say anything. His eyes were so dark and deep that I wanted to dive right in. Staring at them made me feel warm all over, like they had flames inside. Slowly, carefully, those long fingers of his reached out and traced the edge of my cheekbone, moving up the side of my face. At the first touch of his skin on mine, I shivered. He wound a lock of my hair around one finger, just like he had in the gym. Swallowing, I dragged my eyes up from his lips. I'd been contemplating what it'd be like to kiss him. The thought both excited and scared me, which was stupid. I'd kissed a lot of guys and never thought much about it. No reason another one – even an older one – should be that big of a deal. Yet the thought of him closing the distance and bringing his lips to mine made the world start spinning. A soft knock sounded at the door, and I hastily leaned back. Dr. Olendzki stuck her head in. â€Å"I thought I heard you talking. How do you feel?† She walked over and made me lie back down. Touching and bending my ankle, she assessed it for damage and finally shook her head when finished. â€Å"You're lucky. With all the noise you made coming in here, I thought your foot had been amputated. Must have just been shock.† She stepped back. â€Å"I'd feel better if you sat out from your normal trainings tomorrow, but otherwise, you're good to go.† I breathed a sigh of relief. I didn't remember my hysteria – and was actually kind of embarrassed that I'd thrown such a fit – but I had been right about the problems this would have caused me if I'd broken or sprained it. I couldn't afford to lose any time here; I needed to take my trials and graduate in the spring. Dr. Olendzki gave me the okay to go and then left the room. Dimitri walked over to another chair and brought me my shoes and coat. Looking at him, I felt a warm flush sweep me as I recalled what had happened before the doctor had entered. He watched as I slipped one of the shoes on. â€Å"You have a guardian angel.† â€Å"I don't believe in angels,† I told him. â€Å"I believe in what I can do for myself.† â€Å"Well then, you have an amazing body.† I glanced up at him with a questioning look. â€Å"For healing, I mean. I heard about the accident†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He didn't specify which accident it was, but it could be only one. Talking about it normally bothered me, but with him, I felt I could say anything. â€Å"Everyone said I shouldn't have survived,† I explained. â€Å"Because of where I sat and the way the car hit the tree. Lissa was really the only one in a secure spot. She and I walked away with only a few scratches.† â€Å"And you don't believe in angels or miracles.† â€Å"Nope. I – â€Å" Truly, it is a miracle. You lead a charmed life†¦. And just like that, a million thoughts came slamming into my head. Maybe†¦maybe I had a guardian angel after all†¦ Dimitri immediately noticed the shift in my feelings. â€Å"What's wrong?† Reaching out with my mind, I tried to expand the bond and shake off the lingering effects of the pain medication. Some more of Lissa's feelings came through to me. Anxious. Upset. â€Å"Where's Lissa? Was she here?† â€Å"I don't know where she is. She wouldn't leave your side while I brought you in. She stayed right next the bed, right up until the doctor came in. You calmed down when she sat next to you.† I closed my eyes and felt like I might faint. I had calmed down when Lissa sat next to me because she'd taken the pain away. She'd healed me†¦ Just as she had the night of the accident. It all made sense now. I shouldn't have survived. Everyone had said so. Who knew what kind of injuries I'd actually suffered? Internal bleeding. Broken bones. It didn't matter because Lissa had fixed it, just like she'd fixed everything else. That was why she'd been leaning over me when I woke up. It was also probably why she'd passed out when they took her to the hospital. She'd been exhausted for days afterward. And that was when her depression had begun. It had seemed like a normal reaction after losing her family, but now I wondered if there was more to it, if healing me had played a role. Opening my mind again, I reached out to her, needing to find her. If she'd healed me, there was no telling what shape she could be in now. Her moods and magic were linked, and this had been a pretty intense show of magic. The drug was almost gone from my system, and like that, I snapped into her. It was almost easy now. A tidal wave of emotions hit me, worse than when her nightmares engulfed me. I'd never felt such intensity from her before. She sat in the chapel's attic, crying. She didn't entirely know why she was crying either. She felt happy and relieved that I'd been unharmed, that she'd been able to heal me. At the same time, she felt weak in both body and mind. She burned inside, like she'd lost part of herself. She worried I'd be mad because she'd used her powers. She dreaded going through another school day tomorrow, pretending she liked being with a crowd who had no other interests aside from spending their families' money and making fun of those less beautiful and less popular. She didn't want to go to the dance with Aaron and see him watch her so adoringly – and feel him touching her – when she felt only friendship for him. Most of these were all normal concerns, but they hit her hard, harder than they would an ordinary person, I thought. She couldn't sort through them or figure out how to fix them. â€Å"You okay?† She looked up and brushed the hair away from where it stuck to her wet cheeks. Christian stood in the entrance to the attic. She hadn't even heard him come up the stairs. She'd been too lost in her own grief. A flicker of both longing and anger sparked within her. â€Å"I'm fine,† she snapped. Sniffling, she tried to stop her tears, not wanting him to see her weak. Leaning against the wall, he crossed his arms and wore an unreadable expression. â€Å"Do†¦do you want to talk?† â€Å"Oh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She laughed harshly. â€Å"You want to talk now? After I tried so many times – â€Å" â€Å"I didn't want that! That was Rose – â€Å" He cut himself off and I flinched. I was totally busted. Lissa stood up and strode toward him. â€Å"What about Rose?† â€Å"Nothing.† His mask of indifference slipped back into place. â€Å"Forget it.† â€Å"What about Rose?† She stepped closer. Even through her anger, she still felt that inexplicable attraction to him. And then she understood. â€Å"She made you, didn't she? She told you to stop talking to me?† He stared stonily ahead. â€Å"It was probably for the best. I would have just messed things up for you. You wouldn't be where you are now.† â€Å"What's that supposed to mean?† â€Å"What do you think it means? God. People live or die at your command now, Your Highness.† â€Å"You're being kind of melodramatic.† â€Å"Am I? All day, I hear people talking about what you're doing and what you're thinking and what you're wearing. Whether you'll approve. Who you like. Who you hate. They're your puppets.† â€Å"It's not like that. Besides, I had to do it. To get back at Mia†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Rolling his eyes, he looked away from her. â€Å"You don't even know what you're getting back at her for.† Lissa's anger flared. â€Å"She set up Jesse and Ralf to say those things about Rose! I couldn't let her get away with that.† â€Å"Rose is tough. She would have gotten over it.† â€Å"You didn't see her,† she replied obstinately. â€Å"She was crying.† â€Å"So? People cry. You're crying.† â€Å"Not Rose.† He turned back to her, a dark smile curling his lips. â€Å"I've never seen anything like you two. Always so worried about each other. I get her thing – some kind of weird guardian hang-up – but you're just the same.† â€Å"She's my friend.† â€Å"I guess it's that simple. I wouldn't know.† He sighed, momentarily thoughtful, then snapped back to sarcastic mode. â€Å"Anyway. Mia. So you got back at her over what she did to Rose. But you're missing the point. Why did she do it?† Lissa frowned. â€Å"Because she was jealous about me and Aaron – â€Å" â€Å"More to it than that, Princess. What did she have to be jealous about? She already had him. She didn't need to attack you to drive that home. She could have just made a big show of being all over him. Sort of like you are now,† he added wryly. â€Å"Okay. What else is there, then? Why did she want to ruin my life? I never did anything to her – before all this, I mean.† He leaned forward, crystal-blue eyes boring into hers. â€Å"You're right. You didn't – but your brother did.† Lissa pulled away from him. â€Å"You don't know anything about my brother.† â€Å"I know he screwed Mia over. Literally.† â€Å"Stop it, stop lying.† â€Å"I'm not. Swear to God or whoever else you want to believe in. I used to talk to Mia now and then, back when she was a freshman. She wasn't very popular, but she was smart. Still is. She used to work on a lot of committees with royals – dances and stuff. I don't know all of it. But she got to know your brother on one of those, and they sort of got together.† â€Å"They did not. I would have known. Andre would have told me.† â€Å"Nope. He didn't tell anyone. He told her not to either. He convinced her it should be some kind of romantic secret when really, he just didn't want any of his friends to find out he was getting naked with a non-royal freshman.† â€Å"If Mia told you that, she was making it up,† exclaimed Lissa. â€Å"Yeah, well, I don't think she was making it up when I saw her crying. He got tired of her after a few weeks and dumped her. Told her she was too young and that he couldn't really get serious with someone who wasn't from a good family. From what I understand, he wasn't even nice about it either – didn't even bother with the ? ®let's be friends' stuff.† Lissa pushed herself into Christian's face. â€Å"You didn't even know Andre! He would never have done that.† â€Å"You didn't know him. I'm sure he was nice to his baby sister; I'm sure he loved you. But in school, with his friends, he was just as much of a jerk as the rest of the royals. I saw him because I see everything. Easy when no one notices you.† She held back a sob, unsure whether to believe him or not. â€Å"So this is why Mia hates me?† â€Å"Yup. She hates you because of him. That, and because you're royal and she's insecure around all royals, which is why she worked so hard to claw up the ranks and be their friend. I think it's a coincidence that she ended up with your ex-boyfriend, but now that you're back, that probably made it worse. Between stealing him and spreading those stories about her parents, you guys really picked the best ways to make her suffer. Nice work.† The smallest pang of guilt lurched inside of her. â€Å"I still think you're lying.† â€Å"I'm a lot of things, but I'm not a liar. That's your department. And Rose's.† â€Å"We don't – â€Å" â€Å"Exaggerate stories about people's families? Say that you hate me? Pretend to be friends with people you think are stupid? Date a guy you don't like?† â€Å"I like him.† â€Å"Like or like?† â€Å"Oh, there's a difference?† â€Å"Yes. Like is when you date a big, blond moron and laugh at his stupid jokes.† Then, out of nowhere, he leaned forward and kissed her. It was hot and fast and furious, an outpouring of the rage and passion and longing that Christian always kept locked inside of him. Lissa had never been kissed like that, and I felt her respond to it, respond to him – how he made her feel so much more alive than Aaron or anyone else could. Christian pulled back from the kiss but still kept his face next to hers. â€Å"That's what you do with someone you like.† Lissa's heart pounded with both anger and desire. â€Å"Well, I don't like or like you. And I think you and Mia are both lying about Andre. Aaron would never make up anything like that.† â€Å"That's because Aaron doesn't say anything that requires words of more than one syllable.† She pulled away. â€Å"Get out. Get away from me.† He looked around comically. â€Å"You can't throw me out. We both signed the lease.† â€Å"Get. Out!† she yelled. â€Å"I hate you!† He bowed. â€Å"Anything you want, Your Highness.† With a final dark look, he left the attic. Lissa sank to her knees, letting out the tears she'd held back from him. I could barely make sense out of all the things hurting her. God only knew things upset me – like the Jesse incident – but they didn't attack me in the same way. They swirled within her, beating at her brain. The stories about Andre. Mia's hate. Christian's kiss. Healing me. This, I realized, was what real depression felt like. What madness felt like. Overcome, drowning in her own pain, Lissa made the only decision she could. The only thing she could do to channel all of these emotions. She opened up her purse and found the tiny razor blade she always carried†¦ Sickened, yet unable to break away, I felt as she cut her left arm, making perfectly even marks, watching as the blood flowed across her white skin. As always, she avoided veins, but her cuts were deeper this time. The cutting stung horribly, yet in doing it, she was able to focus on the physical pain, distract herself from the mental anguish so that she could feel like she was in control. Drops of blood splattered onto the dusty floor, and her world began spinning. Seeing her own blood intrigued her. She had taken blood from others her entire life. Me. The feeders. Now, here it was, leaking out. With a nervous giggle, she decided it was funny. Maybe by letting it out, she was giving it back to those she'd stolen it from. Or maybe she was wasting it, wasting the sacred Dragomir blood that everyone obsessed over. I'd forced my way into her head, and now I couldn't get out. Her emotions had ensnared me now – they were too strong and too powerful. But I had to escape – I knew it with every ounce of my being. I had to stop her. She was too weak from the healing to lose this much blood. It was time to tell someone. Breaking out at last, I found myself back in the clinic. Dimitri's hands were on me, gently shaking me as he said my name over and over in an effort to get my attention. Dr. Olendzki stood beside him, face dark and concerned. I stared at Dimitri, truly seeing how much he worried and cared about me. Christian had told me to get help, to go to someone I trusted about Lissa. I'd ignored the advice because I didn't trust anyone except her. But looking at Dimitri now, feeling that sense of understanding we shared, I knew that I did trust someone else. I felt my voice crack as I spoke. â€Å"I know where she is. Lissa. We have to help her.†

Strict Liability

August 7, 2009 Criminal Law- 2 Essay on Strict Liability Crimes Having no element for Mens Rea, consequently permits punishment on those that may be blameless to a crime. With that fact, there is definitely a wide range of controversial pro's and con's. I personally am unbiased either way regarding this topic, for any and all concerns I feel are legitimate. What I will set forth here is unbiased opinion and facts to all pro's and con's. In this world there are many regular civilians and citizens that may encounter, in some form or another, an inconvenience, mishap or even loss on many degrees' due to someone's negligence or culpable liability. Which will lead me to one's take on the pro's or benefit to the existence of strict liability crimes. First and foremost, when someone is hurt or harmed, they want recourse and they want it from whomever is liable, or from the closes person to that liable party. So they care nothing about ones blamelessness or mental intent, which in this case the law would not hold prudent anyway. To them and to the law â€Å"public health and safety come first. † For them an act alone is all that would actually need to be proved. For if that were not the case, then the possible victims would not have any remedy under the law. Further more, the benefits to society outweighs the cost of punishing those that may have no true blame. As for the con's in strict liability offenses, one might argue that being held liable without subjective or objective fault may be a violation to the U. S. Constitution. Where this stipulation actually contradicts the Model Penal Code (MPC) etc. on criminal liability and the stature of concurrence. Further more, with there being no actual or effective means on protection against strict liability or accidents, leaves a broad range of exceptional blameworthiness. Where â€Å"they† could say â€Å"we are the victims! † adversely this could jeopardize society and not protect it, thus curtail much human (especially professional) activities etc. at the fear of any possible culpable negligence. So here I have just a few to name the least, of pro's and con's on strict liability. So as you see we all have some legitimate place or say in this very controversial matter. For all people: individuals, civilians, families, cooperations, businesses, functions, police force and all professionals have some form of risk here. Over all I think the law on strict liability is well needed and the sacrifice's are well worth the gains†¦ fo r better of for worse.

Free sample - Summary of the Marketing Plan For Campus Tax Service, LLC. translation missing

Summary of the Marketing Plan For Campus Tax Service, LLC. Summary of the Marketing Plan For Campus Tax Service, LLCA  new company is going to be launched in January 01, 2011 named Campus Tax Service, LLC. The main objective of the company is to provide tax return preparation service to the college students. Our business service is operated at five campuses i.e. Levine, Central, Cato, Harper, and North Campus in Piedmont Community Colleges with the headquarter located in the City of Charlotte at the Piedmont Community Colleges Campuses in the state of North Carolina. The company’s will be formed with the ownership of Mr. Gary Bonaccorso with the total investment of $25000, where the owner will share $5000 and the rest $20000 will be collected from taking loan. The capital is used to purchase the computer equipments, furniture, software, promotional literature for all five locations and meet up the initial cost of starting the business. Each and every students need to prepare their tax return annually.   For assisting the students, the company came up with their services. The company possesses a strong confidence and determination to penetrate the industry by serving their primary target groups. The students at the five campuses are the target group. The company has further plan to serve the parents of the students and nearby residents. This venture could be very much profitable and the company will take long term plan to increase profitability and at the same time try to reduce the overall cost. Under the strict supervision of the owner and other management stuffs, The Company projects to increase 10% annual growth in sales. The company tries to make the service popular to the students because all students are indeed of making the tax return preparation services The company set its mission to become the market leader by implementing the strategy successfully. The management of the company performs the business activities with the aim of doing the right thing at the right time at the right place. The company aims to provide unique services and strive to ensure higher client satisfaction. Campus Tax Service, LLC offers $50 for preparing any tax return for students. Additional $17.50 need to be paid if the return exceeds 7 page formats. The price is very much reasonable and attractive in the industry. The company also offers attractive referral program for students. Each successful referral enable both the referral and referee students a discount of $5. The company considers total students as the target group for operation. So, taking the service to each and every client is the main theme of marketing the company’s service. Various types of promotional activities and measures i.e. flyers, bulletin board postings, ads in college publications, circulated coupons with discounts, word of mouth referrals will be taken to promote the company products. All the information can be found in company websites. The students’ enrollment demographics consist of Black Non-Hispanic, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American /Indian /Alaskan Native, White Non-Hispanic and others with a total of 18,608 in numbers. Company has further plan to take the service to the households, faculties and other income group who also need to pay tax. The company will employ talented and qualified personnel in order to carry the day to day activities. The company provides extensive training facilities to its employees so that they can prepare the tax return service of the students properly, accurately and quickly. The employees of the company are so adept that they can present and provide service to the students any time. They are well trained and equipped with on site software for ease of tax return preparation. Those motivated work force will bring the targeted sales for the company The company will expand its business activities with taking newer strategies relevant to the vision and objectives. The control of expenses and increment of sales in the next few years will be the priority of the company. The company is committed to serve all the clients with the expertise of its efficient personnel, attractive packages and incentive programs and effective marketing campaigns.

Coffee Cup and Bomb Calorimetry

Coffee Cup and Bomb Calorimetry A calorimeter is a device used to measure the quantity of heat flow in a chemical reaction. Two of the most common types of calorimeters are the coffee cup calorimeter and the bomb calorimeter. Coffee Cup Calorimeter A coffee cup calorimeter is essentially a polystyrene (Styrofoam) cup with a lid. The cup is partially filled with a known volume of water and a thermometer is inserted through the lid of the cup so that its bulb is below the water surface. When a chemical reaction occurs in the coffee cup calorimeter, the heat of the reaction is absorbed by the water. The change in water temperature is used to calculate the amount of heat that has been absorbed (used to make products, so water temperature decreases) or evolved (lost to the water, so its temperature increases) in the reaction. Heat flow is calculated using the relation: q (specific heat) x m x Δt Where q is heat flow, m is mass in grams, and Δt is the change in temperature. The specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius. The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/(g ·Ã‚ °C). For example, consider a chemical reaction that occurs in 200 grams of water with an initial temperature of 25.0 C. The reaction is allowed to proceed in the coffee cup calorimeter. As a result of the reaction, the temperature of the water changes to 31.0 C. The heat flow is calculated: qwater 4.18 J/(g ·Ã‚ °C) x 200 g x (31.0 C - 25.0 C) qwater 5.0 x 103 J The products of the reaction evolved 5,000 J of heat, which was lost to the water. The enthalpy change, ΔH, for the reaction is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the heat flow for the water: ΔHreaction -(qwater) Recall that for an exothermic reaction, ΔH 0, qwater is positive. The water absorbs heat from the reaction and an increase in temperature is seen. For an endothermic reaction, ΔH 0, qwater is negative. The water supplies heat for the reaction and a decrease in temperature is seen. Bomb Calorimeter A coffee cup calorimeter is great for measuring heat flow in a solution, but it cant be used for reactions that involve gases since they would escape from the cup. The coffee cup calorimeter cant be used for high-temperature reactions, either, because they would melt the cup. A bomb calorimeter is used to measure heat flows for gases and ​high-temperature reactions. A bomb calorimeter works in the same manner as a coffee cup calorimeter, with one big difference: In a coffee cup calorimeter, the reaction takes place in the water, while in a bomb calorimeter, the reaction takes place in a sealed metal container, which is placed in the water in an insulated container. Heat flow from the reaction crosses the walls of the sealed container to the water. The temperature difference of the water is measured, just as it was for a coffee cup calorimeter. Analysis of the heat flow is a bit more complex than it was for the coffee cup calorimeter because the heat flow into the metal parts of the calorimeter must be taken into account: qreaction - (qwater qbomb) where qwater 4.18 J/(g ·Ã‚ °C) x mwater x Δt The bomb has a fixed mass and specific heat. The mass of the bomb multiplied by its specific heat is sometimes termed the calorimeter constant, denoted by the symbol C with units of joules per degree Celsius. The calorimeter constant is determined experimentally and will vary from one calorimeter to the next. The heat flow of the bomb is: qbomb C x Δt Once the calorimeter constant is known, calculating heat flow is a simple matter. The pressure within a bomb calorimeter often changes during a reaction, so the heat flow may not be equal in magnitude to the enthalpy change.

5 Tips on Self-Publishing an Ebook

5 Tips on Self-Publishing an Ebook 5 Tips on Self-Publishing an Ebook While we’re still fond of the old-fashioned papery versions, no one can deny that digital self-publishing has made it much easier for authors to find an audience for their writing. But how does self-publishing an ebook work? And what do you need to do? We have a few tips to share. A library in tablet form! 1. Edit, Edit, and Edit Some More! If you want to impress readers, typos and bad formatting have to be avoided. But many ebooks fall into this trap due to a lack of editing and proofreading. Make sure your manuscript is ready before you even think about publishing. This means seeking feedback and redrafting until it is perfect, as well as formatting it correctly. Getting the final draft proofread is essential, too, so get in touch with us when you’re ready! 2. Cover Art We’re told not to judge a book by its cover, but not everyone listens to this advice. As such, you’ll want to think about how you present your ebook. Your cover art should look professional and work as a thumbnail. And remember to write a short, catchy blurb to use on the back cover. 3. Picking a Platform There are plenty of services self-published authors can use, including major industry players such as Kobo, Amazon KDP, and Smashwords. Amazon KDP also has a â€Å"Select† service, which offers extra benefits in return for publishing exclusively on Kindle. This can be great for new authors, but once you are more established, you may want to publish on multiple platforms to reach as wide an audience as possible. 4. Creating an Ebook File Some self-publishing services automatically create an ebook file when you upload a Microsoft Word document. However, for extra control over the process, you may want to do this yourself! The biggest decision here is which file format to use. A PDF is fine if your ebook will be read on computers, but for mobile devices you’ll need a dedicated ebook format. Your options here are ePub and MOBI (Amazon KDP only accepts MOBI files, so keep this in mind if using this service). You cannot create ePub or MOBI files in MS Word, but there is software available to do this. 5. Selling Your Ebook Once your ebook file is ready, you need to find an audience and promote your book! Part of this will be done on the publishing platform (e.g., writing a blurb, picking keywords, setting a price). The rest will come once your book is available for purchase. Think about setting up a blog and social media accounts, sending a free copy to reviewers, or limited giveaway and discount promotions. The point of all this is to get people talking, as word of mouth and positive reviews will help more than anything else!

Evidence-Based Management of a Chronic Wound in an Elderly Female Research Paper

Evidence-Based Management of a Chronic Wound in an Elderly Female Patient with Type II Diabetes - Research Paper Example APA Format: Nussbaum, E.L. (2010). Evidence-Based Management of a Chronic Wound in an Elderly Female Patient with Type II Diabetes. Physiotherapy Canada, 62(2): 129-133. Database and Accession Number The article was accessed in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus with Full Text Databases with accession number 2010644352. Keywords such as â€Å"evidenced-based, â€Å"chronic wound,† and â€Å"type II Diabetes† were used to locate the article. Summary The article identified the role of physical agents such as ultrasound, electrical stimulation, ultraviolet radiation, low-level laser therapy, and pulsed short-wave therapy in the management of chronic wounds (Nussbaum, 2010, 129). The clinical problem in question is whether there are supportive evidences and studies that would prove that ultrasound alone will be effective in wound healing and management of chronic wounds or supportive evidences and studies will suggest non-significant effect of ultrasound in wound healing and management of chronic wounds. Based on the clinical problem, the PICO question formulated is: â€Å"In elderly patients with Type II diabetes, how does wound treatment with ultrasound vs. wound treatment with all the physical agents affect wound healing and wound management?† The PICO question is formulated in a way that would emphasize the effect of ultrasound only in wound healing. Evidences from literatures are inconclusive of the effect of ultrasound to wound healing. Meta-analysis, Cochrane Group Reviews, and Randomized-Controlled Trials (RCTs) were the framework, model, or systematic approach used by the author to evaluate, compare, and critique the available literature. Critique from meta-analyses and reviews suggest that available evidence are inconclusive because of methodological limitations in terms of small number of trials and participants, heterogeneous methods, and limited pooling results (Nussbaum, 2010, 130). Meta-an alysis of RCTs from 1998 and 2002 showed benefits of uncertain degree in reduction of ulcer area; however, it was not clear whether reduction was a result of low-frequency (30 kHz) ultrasound or of water footbath. In the 2008 Cochrane Update using gel coupling instead of water footbath, pooling trials are interpreted using statistical measures of risk ratio and weighted mean difference, wherein, outcome showed that more ulcer were healed from using ultrasound and that using ultrasound was beneficial (Nussbaum, 2010, 130). Available literatures lack RCTs using ultrasound on non-venous origin. In general, there was no evidence of benefit from using ultrasound on wound healing and methodological limitations did not rule out possibility of benefit or harm. The outcome of the clinical problem is measured, compared, and evaluated using an acetate sheet, a free image software, a cotton-tipped probe and ruler, and Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool. The acetate sheet was used for tracing th e patient’s ulcer, the free image software for calculating the area of the wound, the cotton-tipped probe and ruler for approximating maximum wound depth and undermining, and the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool for the assessment of healing and ensuring validity and reliability (Nussbaum, 2010, 131). The biweekly photographic documentation must show a reduction of at least 30% over a 4-week period to consider ultrasound as an effective

Paper on Accounting Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paper on Accounting Issue - Essay Example a. Strategic Decisions - Accounting has always been an integral part of the decision making process in any business endeavor. Whether it is to start, expand, diversify, downsize or liquidate one, most of the options taken by management are hinged on financial issues. b. Tactical or Operational Decisions - The cases mentioned above however, are those seen when one looks at the business as a macrocosm, on the other hand, there are more prevalent and specific accounting issues once the business process is dissected into segments. We can expound on this by citing issues at various stages in the business determining the best product mix to achieve optimum profit in Sales and Marketing, choosing the most efficient mode of shipping products to various locations, questions on whether to acquire new equipment vis-à  -vis upgrade of existing or to increase or reduce inventory level in Materials Management to name a few. C. Cost Benefit Analysis - This form of analysis requires that every aspect of the proposal be given a financial value to enable the proponent to frame an argument in terms of costs and benefits (BNET) A. Rationale – The deliberation of this case study aims to determine whether the status quo provides the better option or if the proposal of the proponent can best improve the inventory, i.e., malt, picture of the company. The process by which this can be established is thru a Cost Benefit Analysis â€Å"assessing the financial viability† (ADB Handbook 123) of the proposal. B. The Status Quo – Bubbly Beer Inc. buys malt from BRLI Corporation twice a month at 100,000 kilograms per shipment. This ordering pattern allows them to maintain an inventory level of 15 days. Presently, malt costs US$24 per kilogram. C. Presentation of the Alternative - BRLI Corporation proposed to Bubbly Beer Inc. a 10% discount for every kilogram over and above their normal order if the latter can advance their second order this month. While the total sales for BRLI

Gulf War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Gulf War - Essay Example Today there are reports that US administration deceived the rest of the world, because the suppressed photographs of Russian network showed that there was absolutely no danger to oil supply by the Iraqi forces. The truth of this statement is yet to be established beyond doubt, although this war became the inception of the present Gulf War. Iraq had the world's 4th largest army with the elite 'Republican Guard'. It was widely assumed that Iraq used chemical weapons against Kurds and Iran. The contagious bacteria connected with the chemical weapons became a threat to the region. Even though now we are in the throws of another Gulf War, it should not be forgotten that the first Gulf War has left behind a trail in the form of Gulf War Syndrome. Most of the forces returned by the spring of 1991 to their home countries with apparent good health, other than the injuries of a few soldiers. Slowly self-reported, real or assumed health symptoms started emerging out. American, Canadian and British soldiers who served in the first Gulf War seemed to have developed certain common ailments after the war, which are generally termed as Gulf War Syndrome (GWS). The symptoms are varied, but if looked into, there is a common thread running in all of them. "These veterans "These veterans have been exposed to a variety of damaging or potentially damaging risk factors including environmental adversities, pesticides such as organophosphate chemicals, skin insect repellents, medical agents such as pyridostigmine bromide (NAPS), possible low-levels of chemical warfare agents, and multiple vaccinations in combinations, depleted uranium, and other factors" says a University Neurology Department paper of NHS Glasgow," http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgicmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9638279&dopt=Citation Many researches were conducted, findings of the clinical epidemiological studies were codified and now we have a remarkable knowledge of this syndrome that has bothered soldiers, their families and their physicians for a long time. With every new patient, old records were reviewed diligently. There were many studies that have tried to link them together so that one clear picture could emerge out of the entire problem. Soldiers were exposed to toxins, drugs, environmental hazards and many more risk factors and physicians feel that they have left behind strong negative affects on genetic and biological factors. Many of the researches have tried to find out the far reaching implications, including psychological affects left behind by the war. Some of them have questioned the safety level of the drugs used on soldiers as pain killers, or while treating the wounded soldiers. Some of the reviews have highlighted the importance of a combined approach, psychological as well as clinical while treating the problem. Emerging picture still is confusing and of little cohesion. It is also referred as "Chronic Multisystem Illness" according to Keiji Fukuda, in JAMA, Vol. 280, No. 11, September 16, 1998 (981-988). He had conducted well designed cross sectional survey of characters and symptoms with clinical evaluations, and research and he has arrived at the following conclusions: "Among currently active members of 4 Air Force populations, a chronic multisymptom condition was significantly associated with deployment

Professional development for strategic managers Essay

Professional development for strategic managers - Essay Example An individual must, of course, sustain all of the mandated academic talents associated with the entire business value chain, including fundamental knowledge of strategic planning, implementation, control and evaluation. Further, the individual seeking the role of strategic manager must identify with cultural issues, the external environment related to stakeholders/shareholders and consumer demand, as well as the fundamental skills that are provided by sociological and psychological curricula. Outside of these academics-based learnings are more complex understandings of the self as it relates to emotional intelligence, motivational factors that drive goal attainment and learning, as well as having a practical understanding of personality constructs and learning style. There are countless theorists that can describe the systems view of the strategic management process, however transposing theory to practical application in the real-world business environment requires a talented blend o f knowledge and self-understanding. The report highlights literature regarding specific aspects of achieving success in the role of strategic manager, supplemented by a forthright self-analysis of skills development and capabilities in order to determine strengths versus weaknesses in priority aspects of skills associated with strategic theory and application. The student created a pre-set list of criteria, based on consultation with considerable secondary resource studies, that would be most critical for an honest self-assessment. In order to fully measure areas requiring development, the student needed to examine the structural, interpersonal, cultural and adaptive behaviours needed to become a successful strategic manager and leader. The assessment, in order to create a realistic and priority personal development plan, required consultation with theorists and case studies involving change management, developing and evaluating quality control systems, the psycho-social elements of management and interpersonal relatio nship development, as well as various literature on effective teaching and learning as these are fundamental in being a strategic practitioner. Besides the student’s many personal strengths in multiple areas, the following were identified as requiring re-assessment and development to attain success in the strategic career role. These include: The ability to teach others in team-focused environments Effective promotion of change leadership philosophy Teaching others to assess and analyse qualitative and quantitative research data Improvement of knowledge regarding cultural diversity principles Advanced development needs in psycho-social learnings for leadership improvement Outside of the more structural and systems view of strategic

Family study-child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family study-child - Essay Example The mother was busy preparing supper, the elder brother and sister were handling their homework and the father was watching his favorite television program. On being asked to provide 2 story books she would wish to be read from, the child brought those she had interacted with previously and found them interesting. When I asked why she chose those particular books, she said she enjoyed the stories contain therein and that they always made her laugh. She recollected how their teacher read them the stories and made them repeat some words that were funny to her. She also reviewed how one of her friends at school found it hard to say some words correctly and mentioned she was better than her in that. In all these questions, the girl showed great ability when it came to answering the simple questions. She answered them simply and in logical manner, expressing her feeling where needed. On asking the exact point where she liked reading the book from, she quickly suggested in their bedroom citing that her elder brother does that for her many times. She also said that her teacher told her how parents read their children stories before they sleep. Considering the answers given it is clear that this girl memory had grown significantly that she could remember most of the things in her past. Such is the case that every happening reminded her of similar experiences or even conversations made earlier and she would recite them in a logical manner. While reading the first story, the girl kept comparing my reading that of her teacher. She particularly insisted on the fact that her teacher always asked them to repeat some parts of the story after her. It is interesting that the girl had a good recollection of the story and would interject my reading from time to time to ask questions on the story, although she already knows the answers. On trying to answer her questions she would refute some of my answers saying it did not reflect what her

Cons of Cosmetic Animal Testing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cons of Cosmetic Animal Testing - Assignment Example nt victory for both animal rights activists and the very animals, the European Union (EU) in March 2013 (The EU Animal Testing Ban, n.d.), imposed a ban on the sale of cosmetics and/or cosmetic ingredients used in animal testing (Cosmetics and Household-Product Animal Testing, n.d.). That marketing ban meant that companies who intended to trade within the EU, the world over, had no choice but to abandon cosmetic animal testing. The European Union further pointed to the abolishment of all activities relating to testing of products and ingredients that are acquired or sold within the EU. However, interested firms can continue carrying on animal experiments provided they are outside the EU and the products used are not sold within the EU. However, it is not easy for such firms to sell products in the global market due to various restrictions imposed by other countries. For instance, the Chinese government demands samples for a variety of thorough animal tests before allowing any sales i n China. Prior to that decision, there were numerous protests vented by People for The Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) activists through emails, public protests and phone calls. Through PETA’s scientific expertise and funding, China is also making enormous strides in steering away from cosmetic animal testing and will soon approve non-animal tests to replace cosmetic tests. In the same spirit of conservation, Israel and India have also banned the practice. The ban imposed by the Indian government is temporary, but there are measures to establish a permanent one. In a contrasting scenario, the United States have not taken the same steps. It is unbelievable that researchers persist with animal experiments for cosmetics despite the presence of reliable non-animal tests. Recently, research experts have proven that manufacturers can use 3-D human cell generated tissues to measure how long a chemical takes to burn the rabbit eye’s cornea. The chemical is dropped by the researchers

Family study-child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family study-child - Essay Example The mother was busy preparing supper, the elder brother and sister were handling their homework and the father was watching his favorite television program. On being asked to provide 2 story books she would wish to be read from, the child brought those she had interacted with previously and found them interesting. When I asked why she chose those particular books, she said she enjoyed the stories contain therein and that they always made her laugh. She recollected how their teacher read them the stories and made them repeat some words that were funny to her. She also reviewed how one of her friends at school found it hard to say some words correctly and mentioned she was better than her in that. In all these questions, the girl showed great ability when it came to answering the simple questions. She answered them simply and in logical manner, expressing her feeling where needed. On asking the exact point where she liked reading the book from, she quickly suggested in their bedroom citing that her elder brother does that for her many times. She also said that her teacher told her how parents read their children stories before they sleep. Considering the answers given it is clear that this girl memory had grown significantly that she could remember most of the things in her past. Such is the case that every happening reminded her of similar experiences or even conversations made earlier and she would recite them in a logical manner. While reading the first story, the girl kept comparing my reading that of her teacher. She particularly insisted on the fact that her teacher always asked them to repeat some parts of the story after her. It is interesting that the girl had a good recollection of the story and would interject my reading from time to time to ask questions on the story, although she already knows the answers. On trying to answer her questions she would refute some of my answers saying it did not reflect what her

When I change my major Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

When I change my major - Essay Example Since my childhood, I have always dreamt of becoming a successful businessman in my country if not the entire world. I had grown passion for reading business-related articles to expand my knowledge in the filed I considered would significantly shape my future. Consequently, I decided to major in business management during at the beginning of my sophomore year. However, the situation in my country contributed a great deal to the dwindling interest in pursuing business course any further. â€Å"Hey, what do you think about pursuing an engineering course?† It was after this statement from a close family friend, rung a bell in my mind that eventually made me to change my major to engineering. In my country, bio medical engineering graduates have a lot of job opportunities and make handsome cash. Also, they have the opportunity to help the community by preferring to work in hospitals. It has been my dream to engage in activities that give back to the society and I reflected on changing my major to the field of bio medical engineering as a great opportunity to achieve this dream. Now, I cannot be happier knowing that I will soon graduate as a bio medical professional and get numerous job offers in my country and also that it will enable me to help people in

A Modest Proposal for holding Fathers Equally Essay Example for Free

A Modest Proposal for holding Fathers Equally Essay Traditionally, the concept of abortion, child-rearing, home management, prostitution and even pornography are all attributed to women – women as subject. In the issue of abortion, women are more likely judged as immoral or not good parent for either aborting or not aborting her child (for certain reasons). In Child-rearing, the mothers are the very ones who are blamed if it happened that her children grew rebellious and defiant. Home management is in all likelihood tagged as women’s function. In the issues of prostitution and pornography, women are the central subjects for judgment. They are more seen as immoral as compared to how men are treated. In short, there are still unresolved problems regarding gender roles and gender biased structure of society. This essay addresses the issue of making fathers or men also accountable for the occurrence of such societal conflicts. Traditional Gender Roles By tracing our history, we could arrive at an evaluation that women and the mothers were discriminated in the society. Having a patriarchal structure of society wherein men or the fathers are labeled as superior over women or the mothers. The traditional structure inside the house was that the father was regarded as the head of the house whom has the highest authority. He has the final say in all things concerning the family. His well-established role as father was providing the needs of the family. Consequently, given such structure inside the home, the community and even the whole society became attached to that particular belief that only men or the fathers have the right to be the head or the bearer of the highest authority otherwise conflict would arise. Because of this traditional conception women and mothers were viewed as the destroyers of order and peace in the society if they would insist themselves as equal as or higher than men and the fathers. Recommendation According to Katha Pollit, the fathers should also be accountable for all the conflicts that arise inside the house, in the community, and in the society. (Barnet Bedau, 2004) They (the fathers) are not really attributed with perfect characteristics. They have also the predisposition of doing wrong things just like the mothers. When the marriage relationship failed, the mother should not the only one whom should be blamed. The father has also part in that failed relationship. When a child grew up as disobedient and rebellious, the mother is not the only one who is responsible for disciplining her child. The father, being also a parent of his child, has the responsibility of disciplining and molding his child’s attitude. In the case of abortion, mothers are not the only persons who make the problem. The father has also a responsibility towards the pregnancy of the mother. In this contemporary period, women are asserting and fighting for their equal rights with men. They are consistent with their campaign of establishing laws that would make them equal with men. In cases of parenting and marriage relationship, it is really unintelligible to say that only women have this responsibility of taking care and disciplining the children and working out their marriage life. The father has also such responsibilities toward his children and his wife. As a conclusion, all must be enlightened with the fact that everyone has a responsibility towards each other and towards the society. Men and the fathers are not exempted from this kind of responsibility. Women or the mothers cannot manage the home without the assistance and aid of her partner, the father or her husband. Both of them are responsible for molding and guiding their children. And truly, it takes two to tango. Reference: Barnet, S. , Bedau, H. (2004). Current Issues and Enduring Questions (7th student ed. ). Bedford/St. Martins.

Gender Discrimination at Walmart Essay -- Walmart Sex Discrimination

Walmart, the world’s largest retailer and private employer, has established a highly profitable business centered on a low-cost strategy that utilizes logistical efficiencies to create a competitive advantage. Yet, to maintain this low-cost strategy, Walmart has engaged in ethically questionable practices, including gender discrimination in promotion and pay. While the Supreme Court recently ruled against class certification of 1.5 million women in the Dukes v. Walmart case due to a lack of proof that Walmart operated under a â€Å"general policy of discrimination†, overwhelming evidence demonstrates that gender discrimination is a persistent problem rooted in the culture of Walmart, despite gender-neutral policies (Biskupic, 2011). During the 1950’s and 60’s in northwest Arkansas, a surplus of unskilled labor existed due to â€Å"increasing mechanization of agricultural work†. Leveraging this pent up demand for employment, Sam Walton, the founder of Walmart, provided these agricultural men with prideful responsibilities as managers of his retail stores, while employing their wives and daughters as low wage clerks (Lichenstein, 2011). Forty to fifty years later, in an economy sagged by high unemployment, particularly among an unskilled, low educated workforce, the practice of promoting men to run stores while women are forced to settle for low wage labor remains prevalent at Walmart. In fact, statistical analysis from plaintiffs in the 2001 Dukes v. Walmart lawsuit showed that women comprised nearly 70% of hourly employees, but only 33% of management positions (Hymowitz, 2011). The overwhelming disparities between men and women in management relative to the proportion of those in hourly posi tions further cements the continual existence ... ...three research paradigms. Psychological Bulletin, 137(4), 616-642. doi:10.1037/a0023557 Lichenstein, N. (2011) Wal-Mart’s Authoritarian Culture. New York Times Lichenstein, N. (2007) Why Working at Walmart is Different Connecticut Law Review, Volume 39 Number 4, May 2007 Powell, G., Butterfield, D., and Bartol, K. (2008). Leader evaluations: A new female advantage? Gender in Management: An International Journal, 23, 156-174. Rosette, A., & Tost, L. (2010). Agentic women and communal leadership: How role prescriptions confer advantage to top women leaders. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(2), 221-235. doi:10.1037/a0018204 Wal-Mart Class Website. (2011). â€Å"Declaration Summaries†. Retrieved from 22 Nov 2011 The official site for the women in the class action Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Gender Discrimination at Walmart Essay -- Walmart Sex Discrimination Walmart, the world’s largest retailer and private employer, has established a highly profitable business centered on a low-cost strategy that utilizes logistical efficiencies to create a competitive advantage. Yet, to maintain this low-cost strategy, Walmart has engaged in ethically questionable practices, including gender discrimination in promotion and pay. While the Supreme Court recently ruled against class certification of 1.5 million women in the Dukes v. Walmart case due to a lack of proof that Walmart operated under a â€Å"general policy of discrimination†, overwhelming evidence demonstrates that gender discrimination is a persistent problem rooted in the culture of Walmart, despite gender-neutral policies (Biskupic, 2011). During the 1950’s and 60’s in northwest Arkansas, a surplus of unskilled labor existed due to â€Å"increasing mechanization of agricultural work†. Leveraging this pent up demand for employment, Sam Walton, the founder of Walmart, provided these agricultural men with prideful responsibilities as managers of his retail stores, while employing their wives and daughters as low wage clerks (Lichenstein, 2011). Forty to fifty years later, in an economy sagged by high unemployment, particularly among an unskilled, low educated workforce, the practice of promoting men to run stores while women are forced to settle for low wage labor remains prevalent at Walmart. In fact, statistical analysis from plaintiffs in the 2001 Dukes v. Walmart lawsuit showed that women comprised nearly 70% of hourly employees, but only 33% of management positions (Hymowitz, 2011). The overwhelming disparities between men and women in management relative to the proportion of those in hourly posi tions further cements the continual existence ... ...three research paradigms. Psychological Bulletin, 137(4), 616-642. doi:10.1037/a0023557 Lichenstein, N. (2011) Wal-Mart’s Authoritarian Culture. New York Times Lichenstein, N. (2007) Why Working at Walmart is Different Connecticut Law Review, Volume 39 Number 4, May 2007 Powell, G., Butterfield, D., and Bartol, K. (2008). Leader evaluations: A new female advantage? Gender in Management: An International Journal, 23, 156-174. Rosette, A., & Tost, L. (2010). Agentic women and communal leadership: How role prescriptions confer advantage to top women leaders. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(2), 221-235. doi:10.1037/a0018204 Wal-Mart Class Website. (2011). â€Å"Declaration Summaries†. Retrieved from 22 Nov 2011 The official site for the women in the class action Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

All Americans Need Access to Health Care Essay -- ObamaCare Essays

America is known for democracy, freedom, and the American Dream. American citizens have the right to free speech, free press, the right to bear arms, and the right to religious freedom to name a few. The Declaration of Independence states that American citizens have the rights including â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.† America promises equality and freedom and the protection of their rights as outlined in the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights. But with all the rights and freedoms that American citizens enjoy, there is one particular area where the United States seems to be lacking. That area is health care. The United States is the only industrialized nation that doesn’t have some form of legal recognition of a right to health care (Yamin 1157). Health care reform in the United States has become a major controversy for politicians, health care professionals, businesses, and citizens. Those in opposition to reform claim that health care is not a human right, therefore the government should not be involved. Supporters of reform believe that health care is most definitely a human right and should be available to everyone in the United States instead of only those who can afford it, and that it is the government’s responsibility to uphold that right. Out of all the industrialized countries in the world, the United States is the only one that doesn’t have a universal health care plan (Yamin 1157). The current health care system in the United States relies on employer-sponsored insurance programs or purchase of individual insurance plans. Employer-sponsored coverage has dropped from roughly 80 percent in 1982 to a little over 60 percent in 2006 (Kinney 809). The government does provide... ... Mar. 2011. "It Is Possible for the United States to Achieve Universal Health Care While Protecting Scientific Innovation." Universal Health Care. Ed. Susan C. Hunnicutt. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 20 Mar. 2011. Kinney, Eleanor D. "Realization of the International Human Right to Health in an Economically Integrated North America." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37.4 (2009): 807-818. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 15 Mar. 2011. "National Insurance Could Prove Disastrous. (Cover story)." USA Today Magazine 133.2719 (2005): 1-2. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 15 Mar. 2011. Yamin, Alicia Ely. "The Right to Health Under International Law and Its Relevance to the United States." American Journal of Public Health 95.7 (2005): 1156-1161. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 15 Mar. 2011.

Marketing Smoke Out Essay

Many products have been sold in the market offering to stop a smoker from smoking. However, many of these products have failed. The main reason is that the body has been addicted to nicotine. Thus, the body craves for a stick and a stick and a stick and a stick and so on and so forth of cigarette to quench the body’s desire for the deadly nicotine. The following paragraphs explains how the new product Smoke out will finally fill the smokers’ desire to stop their smoking habit dead in its tracks. a. What is the product name? Describe the product. 2 pts. The new product is   smoke out. The product looks like a real cigarette stick. At one end of the cigarette has drawn to look like it has been lighted. And, at the other is a cigarette butt that feels like the real cigarette but. The cigarette butt which enters the smokers’ mouth has been filled with medicine. This medicine tastes and smells like a real cigarette smoke. However, The best advantage about this cigarette is that the smoker does not cut his habit of smoking entirely. For, he continues to smoke the smoke out in order to comply with his habit of smoking. Only, this time, a non smoking medicine is swallowed by the cigarette and cigar smokes that smells and tastes like smoke but the medicine actually mixes with the smoker’s blood and neutralizes the nicotine that is already in the smokers’ body. For, nicotine is an addictive chemical that sparks the human body’s craving to smoke another cigar or cigarette. For, many people have developed this smo king habit many years back. And they feel that stopping the smoking habit is a gargantuan task (Michman, Mazze & Greco, 2003, p. 1). B1. Explain how you are segmenting the market. 5 pts. The market segment is the smoking public. This segment includes people who smoke from the earliest possible age to the oldest possible age. Also, this segment includes all the male and female genders. Likewise, this segment includes all smokers in the all economic classes. Meaning the poor, the rich, the averagely rich and the extremely rich and buy this new product out in the market called Smoke out. In addition, this product will be sold to people of all religions. This product will zoom in to the African American customers, the White Americans, the Americans of European descent, the Americans of East Asian descent, the Americans of East. Likewise, the market segment will include the Mexicans, the Canadians, the South American descent. The above segment will be implemented in order not be branded as a discriminator of customers. This segment will first be test piloted in the Los Angeles, California area in January of 2008. This will continue until March of 2008. Next, the second phase of the product launch of Smoke out the product will be launched in June of 2008 if the test here will produce enough profits to merit continuing to the next phase. However, if the results of the first phase in Los Angeles California will not be successful because the sales generated will not exceed the total amount of marketing expenses, the administration expenses and the cost of raw materials, direct labor and factory overhead in producing the Smoke out product (Michman, Mazze & Greco, 2003, p. 1). B2. Why did you choose this method of customer segmentation? Be specific. 2 pts. This market segmentation give the best results at lesser expenses. For, the company’s selling only in the Los Angeles market is similar to injecting a new drug into rats as guinea pigs to determine if the drug will cure cancer or eliminate diabetes. This is the first phase of the market segmentation in the drug manufacturing and selling business. And, this phase one will now move on to phase two of the experimentation if the drug test shows that the drugs will be cure the cancer   or diabetes in the rats. However, the drug testing will not continue to phase two of the medical experimentation if the drug does not cure the cancer or diabetes. Obviously, phase two will continue if the drug shows that the drug can cure cancer and diabetes in rats. The phase of this drug experiment is injecting the cancer and or diabetes   -curing drug on humans who have cancers and diabetes (Michman, Mazze & Greco, 2003, p. 24). Thus, the phase two will no push through if the Los Angeles, California test pilot segment will show that people abhor the product and the costs and expenses to produce the Smoke out will be higher than the revenues generated from selling the smoking habit buster product. For, there is a very high probability that this smoke busting product will not generate net profits if the Smoke out product will not generate net profits in the Los Angeles test pilot area within the three month test period (Michman, Mazze & Greco, 2003, p. 53). c. Who is the target market? The target market, which is phase 1 (Los Angeles, California) has been chosen because it mimics many states within the United States. Thus, whatever will be the financial findings in this test pilot area will give a high probability of what will happen when the product is finally launch all over the United States and all countries around the world. Meaning, California has people in the fire hazardous forests. Los Angeles is the home to the rich where Rodeo Drive located and the Beverly Hills area where the rich take up their residences. It also has its share of poor people living in †¦..  Ã‚  Ã‚   It also has its share of the lesbians and gays. Los Angeles has its share of Asians, African Americans, Europeans, South Americans and other races. It has also different religions inside its boundary. It has also both males and females resembling the gender population of other states. It has its own share of smokers just like the smoking population of the other states within the Unit ed States (Moschis, 1994, p. 6). For Los Angeles   represents the very best of America which includes Beverly Hills and Malibu and the Worst of America. The worst of Los Angeles includes the gang wars and day to day violence in the streets. Also, the Los Angeles population is most populated by African Americans, Latinos and native Americans since 1781. Los Angeles is well known for its beautiful weather most of the year. The cost of living here is also high but not too high for the average wage American (Collier, 2002). Thus, the success of Smoke out in Los Angeles will have a high probability of being a success when it is marketed to the entire United States segment (Moschis, 1994, p. 10). d. What are your products’ benefits to the target market? 4 pts. The product will give the smoker the feeling that he is smoking. Thus the does not literally cut his smoking habit. What happens is that the medicine fused into the Smoke out will slowly neutralize the nicotine that has been piled up for many years in the smokers’ blood and lungs. The smokers will lose their crave for smoking without even a sweat because it is the medicine that neutralizes the body’s craving for addiction for nicotine (Moschis, 1994, p. 90). e. At what price will your product be introduced? Why? 4 pts. The price will be $100. This price is based on the simple reason that a person’s health cannot be equated to cash. For a person’s life is priceless. Also, the cost of the Smoke Out Is surely lesser than if the smoker will be operated in the hospital for lung cancer and high blood which is one of the side effects of smoking for many years (Moschis, 1994, p. 123). f. What pricing strategy are you using? Why? 4 pts. The pricing strategy used is the cost plus profit pricing. For, a business has to generate revenues that will exceed the total amount of costs and daily operating expenses of marketing the Smoke out product (Abdallah, 2004, p. 48). g. What objectives will be accomplished by using this strategy? Be specific. 5 pts. The objectives that will be accomplished by this strategy are: – To know if the people will buy the product. – To know if enough people will buy the product so that the revenues from sales will  be more than the total costs and expenses of producing and marketing the Smoke out  product launch. – To generate findings from a test pilot launch so that results will be known at a earlier  stage of the product life cycle (Moschis, 1994, p. 93). h. Why is the product worth this price? 2 pts. As discussed above, a person’s life cannot be equated to money for it is priceless. Thus, the $100 selling price of the product will not be noticed when the product is marketed as best   product to stop smoking without even trying. i. Identify and explain what prices you should charge at each stage of the PLC? 12 pts. I will use the same $100 selling price at each stage of the product life cycle. The reason is plain and simple. A person’s life is worth more than $1,000,000 and $100 is just   a trickle from a person’s monthly salary. Thus, if the product will be bought with price of $100 which is very very very low and affordable.

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein Essay

The excerpt begins with Frankenstein wandering amid the ice of a mountain glacier where suddenly, the Creature approaches him with â€Å"super human speed† (2) and prevents Victor from escaping the confrontation he wishes to avoid. Without a positive identity in society, the Creature is incapable of attaining self-knowledge and thus, serves in Victor’s hidden scheme of being an omniscient, god-like figure. Consequently, the creature demonstrates the desire to participate in his creator’s world, attempting to construct his prejudice by employing language to seek the least recognition from his long-lost â€Å"parent.† This meeting is metaphorically the site of confrontation between son and father with a rhetorical argument, designed to persuade Victor of his duties as a creator to his creation. The encounter takes place in the Alpine setting of the Montanvert Glacier. This cold, hostile, and isolated setting symbolises the Creature’s reception by both his creator and society as a whole. Shelley links the landscape to the Creature’s feelings of rejection through commiserating comments, such as â€Å"the bleak skies I hail for they are kinder to me than your fellow beings† (48). As a result, the Creature craves human companionship and refers to his loneliness several times in the extract: â€Å"All men hate the wretched; how, then, must I be hated who am miserable beyond all living things!† (16) The Creature, a flash of fire on the ice, ruptures the coldness because he embodies the feelings and instincts he represses. On the other hand, the fact that Victor also seeks solace in the mountains makes us wonder if the Creature is Frankenstein’s double; just like a son grows up to be a spitting image of his father. This appears to be a reoccurring theme in Shelley’s Frankenstein. On the surface, Victor and his creature seem drastically different, but ultimately there is not so much of a vast rift. Both inhabit cold, isolated places as they become alienated from society; Victor as a result of his choosing and the Creature as a result of society’s prejudice. Another dominating theme in this extract is injustice. The Creature, appeals to Victor’s humanity stating that legal law allows a man a fair hearing before he is judged: â€Å"The guilty are allowed, by human laws, bloody as they are, to speak in their own defence before they are condemned.† (56) He both demands and begs for the right to tell his story; a combination of pleading a legal case and redeeming himself before his father. Furthermore, Shelley’s allusion of Victor as the rebel figure Prometheus, who defied the Gods by stealing fire from Mount Olympus to give life to humans and was subjected to slow painful torture, is evident here. The Creature returns to haunt him, threatening him with comments such as â€Å"I will glut the maw of death, until it be satiated with the blood of your remaining friends.† (21). In addition, the Creature comes across as God’s Adam, entering the world as an innocent creature. The Creature justifies this by stating â€Å"I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend.† (38) Shelley also uses oxymoron to highlight the Creature’s allusion to Adam and also Satan in Paradise Lost: â€Å"I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (36). By using linguistic devices such as oxymoron, the Creature’s eloquence is indeed remarkable. Even his most terrifying threats are expressed with elegantly constructed phrases: â€Å"If you will comply with my conditions, I will leave then and you at peace; but if you refuse, I will glut the maw of death, until it be satisfied with the blood of your remaining friends.†(21) Parallelism and repetition in Shelley’s writing produces a harmonious arrangement of words, suggesting balance and reasoning, which contrast the threats they convoy. Alternatively, Victor’s language is violent and aggressive. His speeches that seem melodramatic, include a minimum of three exclamation marks and theatrical expressions like, â€Å"Be gone, vile insect!† (13) The language here suggests that Victor is really the monstrous one rather than the Creature who comes across as a reasoning, balanced individual. Nevertheless, Victor’s threats seem ironic when we are reminded of the Creature’s superior physical strength and agility. He reminds Victor, â€Å"Thou hast made me more powerful than thyself.† (31)Despite, Victor calls him an â€Å"insect† (13), an image that seems more appropriately applied to Victor himself! This selection provides a blinding backdrop to the delayed meeting between Victor and his creature. At the end of the encounter, my sympathies for the Creature and Frankenstein change as they do several times throughout the novel. This jaw clenching scene is Shelley’s most powerful critique of Frankenstein when she allows the Creature to tell his own story and desires. Alas, Frankenstein’s feelings are emphasised by the words he uses, and he is to me, a prejudiced and heartless being. This passage could have also been used by Shelley to draw sympathy for the Creature. It is difficult to have pity on such an unsightly murderer like Frankenstein’s creation, yet Shelley, through the usage of numerous literary devices, is capable of convincing me that he deserved compassion, not condemnation. Nonetheless, by reading this passage, I have learned that with the Creature, we are forced to confront both figurative and literal monstrosity; questioning ourselves, who really is the monster in this story?

Franz Schubert

It was Franz Peter Schubert, who said to a friend â€Å"I have come into the world for no other purpose but to compose†. For someone to be so certain, focused and dedicated at such a young age with extraordinary talent and promise, finding out more about Schubert’s life and astonishing music was a must for me. Franz Peter Schubert was bone in Vienna, on January 31, 1797 to his father, Franz Theodor Schubert and his mother, Elisabeth Vietz.Because Schubert father was a schoolmaster, he began receiving lessons from his father at an early age, as early as age five. A year later Schubert was enrolled in his farther school and taking lessons not only from his farther but also piano lessons from his brother Ignaz. Schubert was very talented and gifted, there were times when his instructor would try to teach him new things which he already had knowledge of. It was at age eleven when Schubert became a choirboy in the court chapel and won a scholarship to the Imperial Seminary.I t was at the Imperial Seminary that Schubert was introduced to the symphonies of Mozart and visits to the opera that strengthen his musical knowledge. At an early age Schubert played the viola and also wrote many of his early string quartets in the family string quartet, with his brothers Ferdinan and Ignaz on violin and his father on the cello. Schubert composed many masterpieces in his late teens while teaching at his father’s school. While teaching Schubert also continued private lessons in composition from Salieri which had a huge impact on Schubert’s musical training than any of his other teachers.By the time Schubert was eighteen he composed 143 songs including The Erlking, which grabbed my attention. The Erlking is rich with emotions and has a physically powerful dialogue. When listening to The Erlking you can visualize the movement and passion so well that it gives you chills. Schubert’s Erlking is one of the earliest and finest examples of musical roman ticism. In Schubert’s Erlking, there is the narrator, father, son, and the Erlking, which is all song by one person. Because the Erlking s done by one person, that one singer is to deliver each character in its fitting tone. The frighten child is song in a high register in minor, while the father is sung in a low register that distinguishes with the high pitched of the son cries, and the Erlking has modest melodies in major keys. The Goethe’s ballad tells a story of a father riding on a horseback through a storm with his ailing child in his arms, as the child is being followed by the Erlking which denotes death.At the very beginning of the Erlking, the piano begins with rapid octaves. It is said that the triplet rhythm unifies the occurrence of the song and suggests that it represent the horse’s dash. The narrator then paints the perfect picture so that you are able to perceive this wild late ride as the farther holds his unwell son so tight and closely to him. As the Goethe ballad continues the son cries out to his father, my father in a forte tone to inform him of the Erlking and his presents.The father, who uses a lower register tone, try to consol the boy and keep him calm by suggesting that the Erlking is a streak of mist and the whispering promises from the Erlking was only wind rustling in the dead leaves. After the son cried out for the last time to his father even louder than before, â€Å"My father, my father, now he is taking hold of me! The Erlking has hurt me! † The piano stops and the father reach the courtyard weary and anxious with his child dead in his arms. It was on You Tube where I first had the pleasure of seeing and not only hearing the performance of The Erlking.Jessye Mae Norman the soprano Opera singer performed The Erlking. Jessye Norman was born in Augusta, Georgia on September 15, 1945 to Silas Norman an insurance salesman, and Janie King Norman. Norman is one of the most admired contemporary opera singer s and recitalists, and is one of the highest paid performers in classical music. Jessye Norman is also known for the direct and emotionally expressive qualities of her singing and for her formidable intellectual understanding of the music and its style.During the performance of The Erlking, Jessye Norman gave great passion thought the recital with her body movement and facial expressions. The distinctions between the narrator, son and father were very obvious and the tones were delivered well. In a New York Times article, Norman explained to John Gruen, â€Å"As for my voice, it cannot be categorized and I like it that way, because I sing things that would be considered in the dramatic, mezzo or spinto range. I like so many different kinds of music that I’ve never allowed myself the limitations of one particular range. Although Norman decides not to label her voice, there are some vocal critics that feel that she is not a dramatic soprano, but deem her to be more of a rare s oprano voice type known as a Falcon. The Falcon voice is an intermediate voice types between the soprano and the mezzo soprano that is similar to the dramatic soprano but with a darker color. Norman, nevertheless, refuses to position any label on her voice. Although Franz Schubert died at such a young age he was able to write over 600 songs, he composed symphonies, string quartets, operas, art song and piano pieces as well.Schubert was recognized to be more than a great song composer only after forty years after his death when the Unfinished Symphony was performed. It was in 1828 when Franz Schubert die, he was only thirty one years old. The cause of his death was said to be typhoid fever, which is a worldwide illness, transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the feces of an infected person that contains the bacterium salmonella enterica. Later it was said that Schubert’s cause of death was syphilis.To recognize Schubert a memorial was built in Viennaâ €™s Stadtpartk to honor and always remember his greatness. Schubert’s grave was move to Zentralfriedhof the largest and most famous cemetery in Vienna, where it is now near Beethoven whom he admired deeply.REFERENCEhttp://www. charlierose. com/view/interview/10121http://www. classicalarchives. com/composer/3308. htmlhttp://www. youtube. com/watch? v=Iz5TV8LWbrohttp://www. bach-cantatas. com/Bio/Norman-Jessye. htm Franz Schubert Franz Schubert (1797-1828), the earliest master of the romantic art song, was unlike any great composer before him: he never held an official musical position and was neither a conductor nor a virtuoso; his income came entirely form composition. â€Å"I have come into the world for no other purpose than to compose,† he said. The full measure of his genius was recognized only years after his tragically early death. Schubert was born in Vienna, the son of a schoolmaster. Even as a child he had astounding musical gifts. If I wanted to instruct him in anything new,† recalled his amazed teacher, â€Å"he knew it already. † At eleven, he became a choirboy in the court chapel and won a scholarship to the Imperial Seminary. Schubert managed to compose an extraordinary number of masterpieces in his late teens while teaching at this father's school, a job he hated. His love of poetry led him to the art song; he composed his first great song Gretchen am Spinnrade (Gretchen a t the Spinning Wheel), when he was seventeen, and the next year he composed 143 songs , including The Erlking.When he was nineteen, Schubert's productivity rose to a peak; he composed 179 works, including two symphonies, an opera, and a mass. At twenty-one, he gave up teaching school to devote himself to music. He associated with a group of Viennese poets and artist who led a bohemian existence; often, he lived with friends because he had no money to rent a room of his own. Working incredibly fast, from seven in the morning until early afternoon, he turned out one piece after another.He spent his afternoons in cafes and many of his evenings at â€Å"Schubertiads,† parties where performances in the homes of Vienna's cultivated middle class; unlike Beethoven, he did not mingle with the aristocracy. The publication and performance of his songs brought him some recognition, but his two most important symphonies–the Unfinished and the Great C Major–were not performed in public during his lifetime. Schubert died in 1828, age thirty-one. His reputation was mainly that of a fine song composer, until the Unfinished Symphony was performed nearly forty ears later and the world could recognize his comprehensive greatness. Schubert's Music Along with over 600 songs, Schubert composed symphonies, string quartets and other chamber music, sonatas and short pieces for the piano, masses, and operas. The songs embrace an enormous variety of moods and types; their melodies range from simple, folk like tunes to complex lines that suggest impassioned speech, and their piano accompaniments are equally rich and evocative. Schubert's imaginative harmonies and dissonances provide some of the most poetic moments in music.The spirit of song pervades his instrumental music, too, and his longer works often include variation movements based on his own songs; his famous Trout Quintet in A Major (1819) is an example. Many of the symphonies and chamber works have long, lyr ical melodies, and a number of them–especially the Unfinished Symphony (1822) and the Great C Major symphony (1825-1826)–are comparable in power and emotional intensity to Beethoven's. The Unfinished was written six years before Schubert's death; no one knows why it has only two (rather than four) movements. The Great C Major was discovered ten years after his death by Robert Schumann.